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23:44
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Recent observations by planetary probes and telescopes on the ground and in space have shown that water is commonthroughout our solar system and the
broader Milky Way galaxy.[Pin It] Recent observations by planetary probesand telescopes on the ground and in space have shown that water is common
throughout our solar systemand the broader Milky Way galaxy. Credit: NASA
April 8, 2015 - UNITED STATES - Humanity is on the verge of discovering alien life, high-ranking NASA scientists say.
"I think we're going to have strong indications of life beyond Earth within a decade, and I think we're going to have definitive evidence within 20 to 30 years," NASA chief scientist Ellen Stofan said Tuesday (April 7) during a panel discussion that focused on the space agency's efforts to search for habitable worlds and alien life.
"We know where to look. We know how to look," Stofan added during the event, which was webcast live. "In most cases we have the technology, and we're on a path to implementing it. And so I think we're definitely on the road."
Former astronaut John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, shared Stofan's optimism, predicting that signs of life will be found relatively soon both in our own solar system and beyond.
"I think we're one generation away in our solar system, whether it's on an icy moon or on Mars, and one generation [away] on a planet around a nearby star," Grunsfeld said during Tuesday's event.
MANY HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS
Recent discoveries suggest that the solar system and broader Milky Way galaxy teem with environments that could support life as we know it, Grunsfeld said.
For example, oceans of liquid water slosh beneath the icy shells of the Jupiter moons Europa and Ganymede, as well as that of the Saturn satellite Enceladus. Oceans covered much of Mars in the ancient past, and seasonal dark streaks observed on the Red Planet's surface today may be caused by salty flowing water.
Further, NASA's Curiosity rover has found carbon-containing organic molecules and "fixed" nitrogen, basic ingredients necessary for Earth-like life, on the Martian surface.
Farther afield, observations by NASA's Kepler space telescope suggest that nearly every star in the sky hosts planets - and many of these worlds may be habitable. Indeed, Kepler's work has shown that rocky worlds like Earth and Mars are probably more common throughout the galaxy than gas giants such as Saturn and Jupiter.
And just as the solar system is awash in water, so is the greater galaxy, said Paul Hertz, director of NASA's Astrophysics Division.
The Milky Way is "a soggy place," Hertz said during Tuesday's event. "We can see water in the interstellar clouds from which planetary systems and stellar systems form. We can see water in the disks of debris that are going to become planetary systems around other stars, and we can even see comets being dissipated in other solar systems as [their] star evaporates them."
LOOKING FOR LIFE
Hunting for evidence of alien life is a much trickier proposition than identifying potentially habitable environments. But researchers are working steadily toward that more involved and ambitious goal, Stofan and others said.
For example, the agency's next Mars rover, scheduled to launch in 2020, will search for signs of past life and cache samples for a possible return to Earth for analysis. NASA also aims to land astronauts on Mars in the 2030s - a step Stofan regards as key to the search for Mars life.
"I'm a field geologist; I go out and break open rocks and look for fossils," Stofan said. "Those are hard to find. So I have a bias that it's eventually going to take humans on the surface of Mars - field geologists, astrobiologists, chemists - actually out there looking for that good evidence of life that we can bring back to Earth for all the scientists to argue about."
NASA is also planning out a mission to Europa, which may launch as early as 2022. The main goal of this 2.1 billion mission will be to shed light on the icy moon's potential habitability, but it could also search for signs of alien life: Agency officials are considering ways to sample and study the plumes of water vapor that apparently erupt from Europa's south polar region.
In the exoplanet realm, the agency's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), an 8.8 billion instrument scheduled to launch in 2018, will scope out the atmospheres of nearby "super-Earth" alien planets, looking for gases that may have been produced by life.
JWST will scan the starlight that passes through the air of super-Earths, which are more massive than our own planet but significantly less so than gaseous worlds such as Uranus and Neptune. This method, called transit spectroscopy, will likely not work for potentially habitable Earth-size worlds, Hertz said.
Searching for biosignature gases on small, rocky exoplanets will instead probably require direct imaging of these worlds, using a "coronagraph" to block out the overwhelming glare of their parent stars, Hertz added.
NASA's potential Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, which may launch in the mid-2020s if given the official go-ahead, would include a coronagraph for exoplanet observations. - SPACE.
01:16
Unknown
Spanking UFO sightings - Rich video of slightly sympathetic of triangle-shaped craft ready in the night sky larger than Apple Condition in California. This was recorded on Thursday, 8th September on 9 pm.
Comprehend report: "On 8th September, 2011 at various 9.00pm, face-to-face and 3 other lay claim to observed a very broad yellow light in the sky ready over the mountains here Apple Condition - about 20 miles from where we were. I ran locked up to get the video camera. On my restitution, dowry were 6 or self-important yellow lights in a triangular cut-out. They were thoroughly dowry for a value of seconds and I got a babyish bit of video footage. Gloomily I did not like a tripod set up and was having inconvenience locating the lights in my intention finder. This was a very similarity sighting to my report about the yellow lights over the George Airbase last month."
"We estimate the lights were about 1000 feet from the ground over the disgrace put up of the Apple Condition Mountains. In the manner of we are huskily 20 miles from this area, the footage gives an sign of the vastness of the craft."Maker (source: mufon)
18:40
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Untitled, watercolor 1979? by James Rich
This painting is a watercolor Jim did many years ago, when we were first together. I remember when he painted it. It's a small watercolor on paper; about 18" by 18". He was going through his old portfolios last night and found it.
I told him it was an "interesting painting" and that it reminded me of an alien; some kind of alien painting. He said he had no idea what was going on when he painted that; what he was thinking or why he painted it. No recollection of the inspiration or what he was trying to do.
He asked me what I meant by "alien painting" I said, well, it immediately, for some reason, just screamed alien and spaceship at me. I have the impression the ant is female, very large, "alien," and is holding something, some sort of tablet. Jim looked at it and said he saw what I meant. I reminded Jim of all the giant insect alien stories; usually praying mantis type creatures, or giant grasshopper type beings some speak about in connection with UFO encounters. After he looked at it he said it reminded him of a female being as well; probably because of the way it's sitting and the long robe or whatever it is it/she is wearing.
It was at that time that Jim and I were experiencing a lot of unusual UFO events, including an episode of missing time. I had my "Geisha Woman Alien" dream during that time frame.
Speaking of alien insectoid beings, in a bit of synchronicity I was listening to George Noory last night on C2C. (By the way, say what you will about him, and I have, he is a goof ball in many ways, but he was defending the medical marijuana use law in California, so good for him) and he and a caller were sharing praying mantis stories. Not in the context of aliens or UFOs however, more mundane than that. And earlier today I read Richard Thomas Room 101 column on Binnall of America, where he writes about Ghosts, Aliens, Yeti and the Late Great Nigel Kneale British "father" of sci fi television and movies. Which inspired me to post something on my blog Frame 352: The Stranger Side of Sasquatch with this image:
I'm deathly, pathologically afraid of insects. I had some chilling experiences as a child -- I won't go there, far too personal and wrapped up in family dysfunction abuse horrors -- but at the same time, I don't like to see people just stomp on insects for no reason. (There was also a weird event in Crescent City, California, involving a Japanese beetle, alcoholic abusers though not to me, hmm, a theme here I see, and I kid you not, a real life scene with "Deliverance" type redneck hillbillies, complete with shotguns and a truck full of pitbulls. But I digress.) (And there was another thing with a bumble bee when I was a kid, and my sister as well, I found out years later, that has to do with missing time and high strangeness.)I'll certainly go out of my way to kill bugs in the house, depending on what kind; wasps, etc. Others I take outside. Well, okay, I try to get Jim to take them outside, but the point is, I don't like killing things if I can help it.
Well, that all took a weird turn, I see. As disjointed as all this might seem, one thing stands out: a conflicting relationship with insects. I like some of them, they're pretty, many are harmless, etc. Others I am fearful of to the point of vomiting. People with encounters with giant insectiod alien beings report both terrifying experiences, as well as ones of learning, wisdom and beauty. Why this contrast? Are our mundane encounters a relfection, on a symbolic level, of these experiences?
Origin: lights-in-sky.blogspot.com
08:21
Unknown
TODAY MUST BE WISCONSIN UFO DAY - AS MY FEATURE REPORT OVER AT UDCC IS ALSO FROM THE BADGER STATE. AS THE HEADLINE SUGGESTS - LET'S JUST SAY THAT THIS UFO REPORT FOUND IN THE LATEST MUFON REPORTS TODAY IS OF THE `AMAZING' CATEGORY.
"I WAS WATCHING THE BASKETBALL GAME IN THE KITCHEN WHEN I GOT A CALL THAT I WANTED TO TAKE PRIVATELY, SO I STEPPED OUT OF THE SIDE DOOR OF THE HOUSE. AS I WAS IN A HEATED DEBATE ON THE PHONE, I LOOKED UP AND NOTICED SOMETHING IN THE DISTANCE ABOVE THE TREELINE. I STARED AT IT, AND AS I DID SO, SHORT BURSTS OF FLAME BEGAN TO COME FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE OBJECT. THE FLAME WOULD SWITCH FROM LEFT TO RIGHT AS THE OBJECT WOBBLED A BIT; AS IF IT WAS TRYING TO MAINTAIN BALANCE. THAT'S WHEN I YELLED TO MY GIRLFRIEND TO "GO GET MY CAMERA". SHE DID, BUT IT TOOK AT LEAST 40 SECONDS FOR HER TO DO SO. AS I CONTINUED TO STARE AT THE OBJECT, WAITING FOR MY CAMERA, I NOTICED THAT THE FLAME AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OBJECT BEGAN TO LOSE IT'S INTENSITY. AS THE FLAME WENT FROM A FULL FLAME TO JUST A RED GLOW, I NOTICED THAT THE OBJECT WAS SLOWLY LOSING ALTITUDE, AND DRIFTING SLOWLY SOUTH EAST, TOWARD LAKE MICHIGAN. AS IT DROPPED BELOW THE TREELINE, I BEGAN TO RUN OUT OF THE YARD AND DOWN THE STREET SO I CAN SEE AROUND THAT PARTICULAR TREELINE. I COULD, AND AGAIN, I COULD SEE THE OBJECT. THE RED GLOW AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OBJECT WAS BARELY NOTICEABLE AT THIS POINT, AND THE OBJECT BEGAN TO DESCEND MORE STRAIGHT DOWN THAN SOUTHEAST AND DOWN AS IT WAS BEFORE. IT BEGAN TO LOSE ALTITUDE FASTER, UNTIL IT WENT BELOW THE TREELINE AT THAT LOCATION, WHICH WAS APPROXIMATELY HALF A CITY BLOCK TO THE SOUTH OF WHERE I WAS WHEN I FIRST BEGAN TO RECORD. I WAITED AT THIS LOCATION FOR ABOUT 30 MINUTES FOR THE OBJECT TO ASCEND OR REAPEAR, BUT IT NEVER DID. WHILE I WAS RECORDING, I WAS NOT LOOKING AT THE VIEWFINDER; I WAS JUST POINTING THE LENS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE OBJECT, SO I HAD NO IDEA IF I ACTUALLY HAD WHAT I WAS SEEING ON THE CAMCORDER. BUT AFTER A DISCUSSION WITH NEIGHBORS AND OTHERS WHO WERE PRESENT, I WENT INSIDE, CONNECTED THE CAMCORDER TO THE TELEVISION, AND BEGAN TO VIEW THE FOOTAGE. I'VE BEEN FROM THAT POINT ON, COMPELLED TO FIND OUT WHAT I SAW IS. I CONTACTED THE LOCAL POLICE, MILITARY, FAA, NEWS STATIONS, ETC., TRYING TO FIND OUT IF THEY HAD ANYTHING ON THE RADAR AT THAT TIME AND AREA OF THAT DAY, BUT.....NOTHING; EVEN THOUGH I EXPRESSED TO THEM ALL THAT I HAD THIS THING ON VIDEO! THIS INCIDENT HAS NOT ONLY CAUSED ME A GREAT DEAL OF CONCERN, IT HAS CHANGED MY LIFE, AND CHALLENGES MANY THINGS I BELIEVE. I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN OPEN TO THE POSSIBILITY OF THE EXISTENCE OF SUCH THINGS, BUT NEVER SAW ANYTHING THAT CAME ANYWHERE NEAR ACTUALLY CONVINCING ME THAT THEY ARE REAL. ALL THAT HAS CHANGED NOW THOUGH. THAT THING HAD NO SOUND WHATSOEVER, IT HAD NO WINGS, AND IT HAD NO TAIL END. IT LOOKED ALMOST LIKE A GIANT CHURCH BELL WITH A FLAME AT THE BOTTOM. HAD I NOT RECORDED WHAT I WAS SEEING, I WOULD HAVE LONG SINCE JUST ASSUMED IT WAS SOMETHING NORMAL, THAT CAN BE EXPLAINED. BUT AFTER VIEWING THIS THING IN SLOW MOTION ON ZOOM, I AM CONVINCED THAT IT IS NOT, AND CAN NOT. I WILL BE ATTACHING A COPY OF MY VIDEO WITH THIS REPORT (IF IT WILL UPLOAD). MY ANIMUS IS TO HAVE AN EXPERT OPINION OF WHAT IT IS THAT IS ON MY VIDEO. IT WAS CERTAINLY INTELLIGENTLY OPERATED, AND IT WAS DEFINITELY A MECHANICAL CRAFT OF SOME SORT, AND NOT A BALLOON OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT. I FOR SOME REASON HAD A FEELING OF DESPERATION AS THIS THING WAS DESCENDING. IT IS THE SAME DESPERATE FEELING I FELT THAT MADE ME LOOK IN THAT DIRECTION AND UP IN THE FIRST PLACE WHEN I FIRST NOTICED THE OBJECT. I'M LEFT FEELING AS THOUGH WHATEVER IT WAS, IT WAS LOSING POWER, RUNNING OUT OF FUEL, OR SOMETHING TO THAT EFFECT, BECAUSE IT SEEMED TO BE STRUGGLING TO MAINTAIN IT'S ALTITUDE. IT WAS A STRUGGLE THAT IT EVIDENTLY LOST. THE OBJECT WAS MOVING SLOWLY IN THE DIRECTION OF THE LAKE; WHICH LEADS ME TO BELIEVE THAT IT WAS ATTEMPTING TO GET OUT OVER OPEN WATER. IN FACT, IT SEEMED TO BE TRYING VERY DILIGENTLY TO DO SO. I HAVE NO IDEA IF IT LANDED IN THE WATER OR OVER LAND. ALL I KNOW IS IT LANDED OR CRASHED SOMEWHERE SLIGHTLY SOUTH EAST OF WHERE I WAS, AND NEVER CAME BACK UP. AFTER YOU REVIEW MY VIDEO, PLEASE GET BACK TO ME AND LET ME KNOW WHAT YOU THINK. THANK YOU; VERILY."
http://mufoncms.com/cgi-bin/report handler.pl?req=view long desc">UP FOR ONE MORE ACCOUNT OF AN SCARY UFO EVENT FROM 11-15-2000 JUST APPEARING IN THE REPORTS? SURE YOU ARE - THIS ONE IS FROM BERNVILLE PA: YEP, ANOTHER OF THOSE HOUSE HOVERING UFO'S!
"MAYBE AROUND MIDNIGHT MY MOM AND I WERE COMING HOME FROM A FRIENDS HOUSE ( ON THE BACK ROADS, WE LIVED IN THE COUNTRY ) WHEN I SAW WHAT I THOUGHT WAS AN AIRPLANE FLYING VERY LOW AND COMING TOWARD US. AS I LOOKED ON I NOTICED IT WAS WAY TOO BIG TO BE A PLANE AND IT WAS BLUE... WE WERE CLOSE TO THE HOUSE WHEN WE NOTICED THAT IT WAS DIRECTLY OVER OUR HOUSE. I WAS SO FRIGHTENED I WAS SHAKING INTERNALLY... WHEN WE PULLED INTO OUR DRIVEWAY AND PARKED I JUMPED OUT OF THE CAR AND RAN INSIDE, MOM FOLLOWING. IT WAS SO QUIET AND THE
THING WAS RIGHT OVER OUR
HOUSE ( EXCUSE MY PROFANITY ) ALTHOUGH IT WAS PROBABLY 500 FEET OR SO ABOVE IT. IT WAS SO QUIET AND MY MOM AND I DIDNT KNOW WHAT TO DO ( I THINK I WAS SCARING HER BECAUSE I WAS SO SCARED) SO WE ACTUALLY TURNED ALL OF THE LIGHTS OFF AND LAID IN BED TOGETHER HOLDING EACH OTHER WITH THE COVERS OVER OUR HEADS. HONESTLY I WAS FRIGHTENED OF WHAT I WOULD SEE AND WHAT THAT MIGHT MEAN. I COULD NOT TELL YOU WHAT HAPPENED NEXT, I DONT REMEMBER ANYTHING AFTER WE JUMPED INTO BED. ALSO, I DID NOT SEE IT LEAVE BECAUSE IT WAS ABOVE OUR HOUSE WHEN WE WENT INSIDE AND DID NOT GO BACK OUT UNTIL MORNING. WE FIGURED WE FOR SURE WOULD SEE SOMETHING IN THE PAPERS THE NEXT DAY, IT WAS NOT. WE LOOKED EVERY DAY FOR A WEEK OR MORE BUT NO NEWS ABOUT IT WAS REPORTED. I HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT THIS ALMOST EVERY WEEK SINCE IT HAPPENED AS HAS MY MOM. I HAD NOT SPOKE OF THIS TO TOO MANY PEOPLE I THINK BECAUSE IT FRIGHTENED ME ON SOME LEVEL THAT IS HARD TO EXPLAIN... I AM READY TO TALK ABOUT IT NOW THOUGH, TO SOMEONE WHO WONT JUST SAY " WOW" OR GIVE ME UNEDUCATED GUESSES OF WHAT I MIGHT HAVE SEEN. IT IS TIME TO GET SOMEONE WHO HAS SOME KNOWLEDGE ON THE SUBJECT TO HEAR THIS STORY. ALTHOUGH THIS IS NOT A VERY FANCY, MADE-FOR-HOLLYWOOD STORY IT IS TRUE. THERE IS THE READING AIRPORT CLOSE BY MY OLD HOUSE ( JUST FOR REFERENCE ). *WE SAW IT FOR ABOUT 10MINS.BEFORE GOING INSIDE"
http://mufoncms.com/cgi-bin/report handler.pl?req=view long desc">I COMBINED TWO OF MY BEST SELLING KINDLE BOOKS INTO THE BOOK BELOW.
Click to read a sample
Important UFO Sightings Of The 2000's
14:32
Unknown
PADA TAHUN 1600, BIARAWAN DAN FILOSOF DOMINIKA GIORDANO BRUNO DIBAKAR HIDUP-HIDUP DI JALANAN ROMA. GEREJA PERTAMA-TAMA MENGGANTUNGNYA DALAM POSISI TERBALIK DAN MELEPASI PAKAIANNYA HINGGA DALAM KEADAAN TANPA BUSANA.
APA AJARAN BRUNO HINGGA BEGITU BERBAHAYANYA? IA HANYA MENANYAKAN HAL YANG SEDERHANA: APAKAH ADA KEHIDUPAN DI LUAR ANGKASA? DARIPADA MENERIMA KEMUNGKINAN ADANYA MILIARAN SANTO, PAUS, GEREJA DAN YESUS KRISTUS DI LUAR ANGKASA, LEBIH TEPAT BAGI GEREJA UNTUK MEMBAKARNYA.
Selama 400 tahun, ingatan tentang Bruno menghantui para sejarawan sains. Namun Bruno punya balas dendamnya setiap beberapa minggu; sekira dua kali sebulan sebuah planet baru di luar tata surya ditemukan mengorbit sebuah bintang, lebih dari 250 planet-planet kini didokumentasikan.
Prediksi Bruno mengenai planet-planet di luar tata surya telah terbukti. Namun satu pertanyaan masih tertinggal.
"Meskipun Bima Sakti mungkin merupakan tempat berkumpulnya planet-planet di luar tata surya, seberapa banyak yang dapat mendukung kehidupan? Dan jika kehidupan cerdas memang eksis, apa yang sains dapat katakan mengenai hal itu? "
SEBAGIAN ORANG MENGATAKAN BAHWA MAKHLUK ET TELAH MENGUNJUNGI BUMI DALAM BENTUK UFO.
Ilmuwan biasanya menampik kemungkinan adanya UFO karena jarak antar bintang sangatlah luas.
Namun beberapa tahun yang lalu pemerintah Perancis merilis laporan dari Pusat Nasional Studi Ruang Angkasa Perancis, dimana terdapat catatan 1600 penampakan UFO dalam rentang waktu 50 tahun, termasuk 100 ribu halaman laporan para saksi mata, film dan kaset audio.
Pemerintah Perancis mengatakan bahwa sembilan persen dari penampakan-penampak an ini dapat dijelaskan, 33 persen diantaranya mungkin bisa dijelaskan, namun tidak dapat ditindaklanjuti.
KASUS YANG PALING DAPAT DIPERCAYA BERKAITAN DENGAN UFO MELIPUTI:
a) penampakan berkali-kali oleh para saksi mata independen dan kredibel, dan
b) bukti dari beragam sumber, seperti laporan penglihatan dan radar.
Misalnya di tahun 1986 ada laporan penampakan UFO oleh penerbangan JAL 1628 di atas Alaska, yang kemudian diselidiki oleh Kantor Penerbangan Federal AS. UFO terlihat oleh para penumpang JAL dan juga terlacak oleh radar di darat.
Serupa dengan kasus ini, ada pula penampakan UFO lewat radar berbentuk segitiga berwarna hitam di atas Belgia pada tahun 1989-1990 yang terlacak oleh radar NATO dan pesawat jet yang mencegatnya. Pada tahun 1976, ada penampakan UFO di atas kota Tehran, Iran, yang menimbulkan kegagalan sistem pada pesawat jet F-4.
Namun apa yang membuat para ilmuwan frustrasi ialah bahwa dari ribuan penampakan yang tercatat, tidak ada satupun yang memiliki bukti fisik yang dapat diteliti di laboratorium. Tidak ada DNA alien, chip komputer alien atau bukti fisik pendaratan.
Kita mungkin bertanya pada diri kita, wahana macam apa yang mereka pakai. Berikut sejumlah karakteristik wahana sebagaimana laporan dari para saksi mata:
* UFO bergerak zig-zag di udara.
* UFO dapat membuat mobil mogok.
* UFO melayang tanpa suara.
Tidak ada dari karakteristik di atas yang cocok dengan deskripsi roket yang telah kita kembangkan di Bumi.
Sebagai contoh, seluruh roket buatan kita bergantung pada HUKUM KETIGA NEWTON mengenai gerak ("untuk setiap aksi, ada reaksi yang setara dan berlawanan"); bahkan pada UFO nampaknya tidak ada pembuangan. Dan gaya gravitasi yang dibuat oleh piring terbang yang melakukan zig-zag akan melebihi seratus kali gaya gravitas Bumi cukup untuk meratakan seluruh makhluk di Bumi.
DAPATKAH KARAKTERISTIK UFO DIJELASKAN LEWAT SAINS MODERN?
Dalam film selalu diasumsikan bahwa makhluk alien mengendarai wahana ini, lebih jauh lagi, jika wahana ini eksis, pastinya tidak diawaki (atau diawaki oleh makhluk setengah organik dan setengah mekanik). Ini dapat menjelaskan bagaimana wahana itu dapat menjalankan pola-pola dengan membangkitkan gaya gravitasi yang secara normal dapat menghancurkan makhluk hidup.
Setiap peradaban alien yang cukup canggih yang mengirim pesawat antar bintang mengarungi jagat raya tentunya telah menguasai teknologi nano. Ini artinya bahwa pesawat antar bintang mereka tidak mesti berukuran sangat besar; pesawat-pesawat tersebut dapat dikirim ke jutaan tahun cahaya untuk mengeksplorasi planet-planet yang tidak berpenghuni.
Bulan yang sunyi bisa saja merupakan pangkalan terbaik bagi pesawat-pesawat nano. Jika memang begitu, Bulan kita telah dikunjungi oleh sebuah peradaban di masa lalu yang serupa dengan skenario yang digambarkan dalam film "2001: A Space Odyssey", yang mungkin merupakan penggambaran paling realistis perjumpaan dengan peradaban makhluk ET.
Sebagian ilmuwan mencerca UFO karena UFO tidak cocok dengan rancangan propulsi raksasa yang dipertimbangkan oleh para insinyur sekarang ini, seperti mesin fusi ramjet, pesawat bertenaga laser dan mesin-mesin bertenaga nuklir, yang dapat melintasi bermil-mil jauhnya. Namun UFO bisa saja sekecil pesawat jet, dan dapat mengisi ulang bahan bakarnya di pangkalan Bulan terdekat.
Jadi penampakan-penampakan mungkin berhubungan dengan pesawat-pesawat pengintai tak berawak.
WAKTU IALAH SALAH SATU MISTERI BESAR JAGAT RAYA. Kita semua tersapu dalam sungai waktu melawan keinginan kita. Sekira tahun 400 M, Santo Augustine menulis secara luas mengenai alam paradoksial mengenai waktu-waktu:
"BAGAIMANA MASA LALU DAN MASA DEPAN, KETIKA MASA LALU TIDAK ADA, DAN MASA DEPAN BAHKAN TIDAK ADA? UNTUK MASA KINI, JIKA SELALU ADA MASA KINI DAN TIDAK PERNAH MENJADI MASA LALU, TIDAK AKAN ADA WAKTU, YANG ADA ADALAH KEABADIAN."
Jika kita mengulang logika Santo Augustine lebih jauh, maka waktu itu tidak mungkin, begitu masa lalu hilang, masa depan tidak ada dan masa kini eksis hanya untuk sesaat.
Stephen Hawking
Pada tahun 1990, STEPHEN HAWKING membaca makalah kolega-koleganya yang mengusulkan tentang mesin waktu, dan ia begitu skeptis.
Intuisinya mengatakan bahwa perjalanan antar waktu tidak mungkin karena tidak ada wisatawan dari masa depan. Jika perjalanan antar waktu begitu mudah dilakukan seperti piknik hari minggu di taman, maka pengunjung dari masa depan bisa saja mengganggu kita dengan kamera mereka.
Ada sebuah hukum, yang membuat perjalanan antar waktu adalah tidak mungkin. Ia mengusulkan sebuah "CHRONOLOGY PROTECTION CONJECTURE" ("Perkiraan Proyeksi Kronologis)" yang melarang perjalanan antar waktu dari hukum-hukum fisika untuk "membuat sejarah aman bagi sejarawan".
Hal yang memalukan, bagaimanapun, ialah bahwa tidak peduli seberapa keras para ahli fisika berupaya, mereka tidak dapat menemukan sebuah hukum yang dapat mencegah perjalanan antar waktu.
SECARA JELAS, PERJALANAN ANTAR WAKTU NAMPAKNYA KONSISTEN DENGAN HUKUM-HUKUM FISIKA. Karena tidak dapat menemukan suatu hukum fisika yang menyatakan perjalanan antar waktu tidak mungkin dilakukan, Hawking baru-baru ini merubah pendiriannya. Ia menjadi berita di surat kabar lewat pernyataannya, "Perjalanan antar waktu mungkin saja, namun tidak dapat dipraktekkan"
PERJALANAN ANTAR WAKTU KE MASA DEPAN MUNGKIN BISA DILAKUKAN DAN PERNAH DIVERIFIKASI MELALUI EKSPERIMEN JUTAAN KALI. Jika seorang astronot melakukan perjalanan mendekati kecepatan cahaya, maka itu akan membutuhkan, katakanlah, satu menit untuk mencapai bintang terdekat. Empat tahun akan terlewat di bumi, namun bagi astronot itu hanya satu menit berlalu, karena waktu akan melambat di dalam pesawat roket.
Oleh karena itu ia akan menyelesaikan perjalanan empat tahun ke masa depan, sebagaimana yang terjadi di bumi. (Astronot kita sebenarnya menempuh perjalanan singkat di masa depan setiap kali mereka pergi ke ruang angkasa. Ketika mereka berjalan pada kecepatan 18.000 mil per jam di atas bumi, jam mereka berdetak lebih lambat daripada bumi. Rekor dunia perjalanan ke masa depan dipegang oleh kosmonot Rusia Sergei Avdeyev, yang mengorbit 748 hari dan oleh karena itu terlempar 0,02 detik di masa depan).
Albert eEnstein
Jadi sebuah mesin waktu yang dapat membawa kita ke masa depan konsisten dengan teori khusus Einstein mengenai relativitas.
Namun, bagaimana dengan pergi ke masa lalu?
JIKA KITA DAPAT PERGI KE MASA LALU, SEJARAH TIDAK MUNGKIN DAPAT DITULIS. Segera setelah seorang sejarawan mencatat sejarah di masa lalu, seseorang dapat pergi ke masa lalu dan mengubahnya. Mesin waktu tidak hanya menyingkirkan sejarawan, namun juga membuat kita mengubah seluruh masa sesuai kehendak kita. Jika, sebagai contoh, kita kembali ke era dinosaurus dan secara kebetulan menginjak seekor mamalia yang merupakan nenek moyang kita, mungkin kita akan tidak sengaja menghapus seluruh ras manusia. Sejarah akan menjadi tanpa akhir seperti dalam sebuah episode yang aneh dari Monty Python, dimana wisatawan dari masa depan yang menginjak mamalia nenek moyang manusia ketika berusaha untuk memperoleh sudut kamera terbaik.
Tapi mungkin masalah yang paling mengganggu adalah paradoks logis yang muncul berkenaan dengan perjalanan antar waktu.
Sebagai contoh, apa yang terjadi jika kita membunuh orang tua kita sebelum kita lahir ? Ini adalah kemustahilan yang logis. Kadang disebut sebagai "grandfather paradox".
Prof. Michiu Kaku
ADA TIGA CARA UNTUK MEMECAHKAN PARADOKS-PARADOKS INI. PERTAMA, mungkin anda mengulang sejarah masa lalu ketika anda kembali, untuk menyelesaikan masa lalu tersebut.
Pada kasus ini, anda tidak mempunyai kehendak yang bebas. Anda dipaksa untuk menyelesaikan masa lalu sebagaimana tertulis. Dengan demikian, jika anda kembali ke masa lalu untuk memberitahukan rahasia perjalanan antar waktu kepada diri anda sendiri yang berusia lebih muda, maka artinya ini akan terjadi seperti itu. Rahasia perjalanan antar waktu datang dari masa depan. Itu adalah takdir (Namun itu tidak memberitahu kita darimana datangnya ide asli tersebut).
KEDUA, Anda mempunyai kehendak yang bebas Anda lakukan, jadi anda dapat mengubah masa lalu, tapi ada batasannya. Kehendak Anda itu tidak dapat membuat suatu paradoks waktu. Apapun upaya anda untuk membunuh orang tua anda sebelum anda lahir, sebuah kekuatan misterius mencegah anda untuk menarik pemicunya. Hal ini didukung oleh ahli fisika Rusia Igor Novikov. Ia mengemukakan bahwa ada sebuah hukum yang mencegah kita berjalan di atas atap, meskipun kita menginginkannya. Oleh karena itu, ada sebuah hukum yang mungkin mencegah kita untuk membunuh orang tua kita sebelum kita lahir.
KETIGA, jagad raya terbagi menjadi dua. Pada satu garis waktu orang yang anda bunuh mirip dengan orang tua anda, namun mereka berbeda, karena anda sekarang ada di alam raya paralel. Kemungkinan terakhir ini nampak merupakan salah satu konsistensi bersama teori kuantum.
Film Back to the Future mengeksplorasi kemungkinan ketiga. Doc Emmett Brown (Christopher Llyoid) menemukan sebuah mobil DeLorean berbahan bakar plutonium, yang sebenarnya adalah mesin waktu untuk bepergian ke masa lalu. Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) masuk ke dalam mesin dan pergi ke masa lalu, bertemu dengan ibunya yang masih remaja, yang kemudian jatuh cinta kepadanya. Ini menjadi masalah pelik. Jika ibu Marty yang masih remaja menolak ayahnya di masa depan, maka mereka tidak akan pernah menikah, dan ia tidak akan pernah lahir.
Masalah tersebut di klarifikasi oleh Doc Brown. Ia pergi ke papan hitam dan menggambar garis horizontal, yang mewakili garis waktu jagad raya kita. Lalu ia menggambar garis kedua, yang merupakan cabang dari garis pertama, menggambarkan sebuah alam raya paralel yang terbuka ketika Anda mengubah masa lalu. Dengan demikian, kita kembali menuju sungai waktu, sungai yang bercabang dua, dan satu garis waktu menjadi dua, atau disebut sebagai pendekatan "banyak dunia".
Ini artinya bahwa paradoks perjalanan antar waktu dapat dipecahkan. Jika anda telah membunuh orang tua anda sebelum anda lahir, secara sederhana artinya anda telah membunuh seseorang yang secara genetik identik dengan orang tua anda, dengan ingatan dan kepribadian yang sama, namun mereka bukanlah orang tua anda yang sebenarnya.
Sumber :
Buku karya Michio Kaku "Physics of the Impossible"
(Prof Michio Kaku on the science behind UFOs and time travel)
Penulis : Allen Lane
url : www.telegraph.co.uk (20 Maret 2008)
15:38
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The recent revelation that Verizon had turned over phone records of U.S. citizens to the National Security Agency (NSA) in compliance with a top secret court order is only the most recent incident shedding light on the activities of the secretive, surveillance agency.
Information about the intelligence agency, falling under the Department of Defense, has been leaking out as it has been evolving for the last 60 years.
NSA's headquarters in Fort Meade, Md. (Image: NSA via Wikimedia)
1950S: The NSA was established on Nov. 4, 1952, by President Harry Truman -- preceded by the Armed Forces Security Agency, which was established in 1949 - to help break German and Japanese codes during WWII. It settled its headquarters at Fort Meade, Md.
1970S: Central Security Service was established to work with the NSA on missions regarding SIGINT (signal intelligence, collecting information that America's enemies would "want to keep secret") and information assurance (keeping America's information safe).
A sign stands outside the National Security Administration (NSA) campus in Fort Meade, Md., Thursday, June 6, 2013. The Obama administration on Thursday defended the National Security Agency's need to collect telephone records of U.S. citizens, calling such information "a critical tool in protecting the nation from terrorist threats." (Photo: AP/Patrick Semansky)
Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward reveals the NSA intercepted conversations of high-profile U.S. citizens, especially "anti-war leaders." Communications that were intercepted include overseas cables, domestic telegrams and long-distance calls.
1980S: According to the Washington Times, the NSA recently declassified some of its history, which revealed the square footage of its facilities increased and the agency's employee base rose 40 percent in this decade. The Times estimated NSA's workforce to be between 30,000 to 40,000 employees.
1990S: United States Signals Intelligence Directive 18 established policies to "ensure that the missions and functions of the United States SIGINT System (USSS) are conducted in a manner that safeguards the constitutional rights of U.S. persons." Section 4 establishes the conditions and how the NSA could intercept communications of U.S. citizens.
2000S: Then NSA director, Lt. Gen. Michael Hayden responded to allegations regarding the NSA's electronic surveillance of U.S. citizens and its safeguards. George Washington University stated of the event:
The agency may only target the communications of U.S. persons within the United States after obtaining a federal court order suggesting that the individual might be "an agent of a foreign power." The number of such cases have been "very few" since the passage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in 1978. In cases where the NSA wishes to conduct electronic surveillance on U.S. persons overseas, the agency must first obtain the approval of the Attorney General, who must have probable cause to believe that the individual "is an agent of a foreign power, or a spy, terrorist, saboteur, or someone who aides or abets them." With regard to the unintentional collection of communications to, from, or about U.S. citizens, Hayden stresses that such information is not retained "unless the information is necessary to understand a particular piece of foreign intelligence or assess its importance."
Several whistleblowers, including some NSA employees, began revealing the extend of the NSA's spying on communications of U.S. citizens. Two former NSA employees, William Binney and J. Kirk Wiebe, resigned after they believed a system they developed (ThinThread) was being used to survey American's communications. Here's more on their whistleblowing from Whistlebower.org:
Since that time, Binney and Wiebe have made several key disclosures crucial to the ongoing public debate about America's national security state, such as the first public description of NSA's massive domestic spying program, Stellar Wind, which intercepts domestic communications without protections for US citizens. Binney revealed that NSA has been given access to telecommunications companies' domestic and international billing records, and that since 9/11 the agency has intercepted between 15 and 20 trillion communications. Binney further disclosed that Stellar Wind was grouped under the patriotic-sounding "Terrorist Surveillance Program" in order to give cover to its constitutionally-questionable nature.
In 2006, a former AT&T employee revealed that the NSA had built monitoring equipment in "secret rooms" at AT&T's San Francisco switching office:
In January 2003, I, along with others, toured the AT&T central office on Folsom Street in San Francisco-actually three floors of an SBC building. There I saw a new room being built adjacent to the 4ESS switch room where the public's phone calls are routed. I learned that the person whom the NSA interviewed for the secret job was the person working to install equipment in this room. The regular technician work force was not allowed in the room.
In 2012, author and journalist James Bamford revealed Binney saying both AT&T and Verizon were part of Operation Stellar Wind. Here's what Bamford wrote of the operation:
According to Binney, one of the deepest secrets of the Stellar Wind program-again, never confirmed until now-was that the NSA gained warrantless access to AT&T's vast trove of domestic and international billing records, detailed information about who called whom in the US and around the world. As of 2007, AT&T had more than 2.8 trillion records housed in a database at its Florham Park, New Jersey, complex.
Verizon was also part of the program, Binney says, and that greatly expanded the volume of calls subject to the agency's domestic eavesdropping. "That multiplies the call rate by at least a factor of five," he says. "So you're over a billion and a half calls a day." (Spokespeople for Verizon and AT&T said their companies would not comment on matters of national security.)
Bamford also provided details on the still secretive Utah Data Center, which is expected to complete construction in Bluffdale, Utah, fall 2013. He called the amount of data that 1.9 billion center will be able to store "staggering," and noted that he expected information passing into it to include "password-protected data, US and foreign government communications, and noncommercial file-sharing between trusted peers."
An aerial view of the NSA's Utah Data Center in Bluffdale, Utah, Thursday, June 6, 2013. The government is secretly collecting the telephone records of millions of U.S. customers of Verizon under a top-secret court order, according to the chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. The Obama administration is defending the National Security Agency's need to collect such records, but critics are calling it a huge over-reach. (Photo: AP/Rick Bowmer)
In 2012, it was also revealed to Wired by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) that The Foreign Intelligence Court had found NSA "on at least once occasion" violated the Fourth Amendment while collecting intelligence information.
All this -- and more -- culminates to the latest revelation that the NSA allegedly has been spying on communications of all Verizon customers. Two members of Senate Intelligence Committee also stated that this activity has been going on for the last seven years.
Former NSA employees have alleged that the spy agency collects records on about 3 billion phone calls a day from all major U.S. phone companies.
The NSA and FBI have also been tapping into the servers of 9 top Internet companies to obtain Americans' documents, photos, audio and other information, according to a shocking report from The Washington Post.
This photograph made Thursday, July 6, 2013 in Washington shows a copy of the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court order requiring Verizon on an "ongoing, daily basis," to give the National Security Administration (NSA) information on all landline and mobile telephone calls of Verizon Business in its systems, both within the U.S. and between the U.S. and other countries. (Photo: AP)
Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), while defending the collection of metadata of phone calls, said that as she understood it, "this is the exact three-month renewal of what has been in place for the past seven years," as carried out by Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
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16:08
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BEIJING, Jan. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- Despite increased calls to step up efforts in finding extraterrestrial life by sending signals into space, some scientists believe such a strategy may prove dangerous.
In Britain Dr Marek Kukula, public astronomer at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, said, "Part of me is with the enthusiasts and I would like us to try to make proactive contact with a wiser, more peaceful civilisation."
But he is concerned at the risks.
"We might like to assume that if there is intelligent life out there it is wise and benevolent," he said, "But of course we have no evidence for this. Given that the consequences of contact may not be what we initially hoped for, then we need governments and the UN to get involved in any discussions."
The issue will be among several topics raised at a two-day meeting at the Royal Society in London this week, under the heading, "The detection of extraterrestrial life and the consequences for science and society".
Among those speaking will be Professor Simon Conway Morris, a Cambridge University evolutionary biologist, who says there is good reason to think aliens exist, and that they may even have chemical and biological similarities to us.
"My basic argument is that, contrary to most neo-Darwinian thinking at the moment, evolution is much more predictable than people think," Morris said. "In particular, I would argue that the emergence, by evolution, of intelligence, cognitive capacity and all that stuff is an inevitability."
Many scientists are enthusiastic about searching for aliens.
"My personal view is that being more active is a worthy strategy," said Douglas Vakoch, director of interstellar message composition at the SETI [search for extraterrestrial intelligence] Institute in California. "There is more serious talk of it, though not at the institute level."
At an astrobiology conference in Texas in April, SETI enthusiasts will discuss new methods of discovering extraterrestrial life, including the sending of interstellar messages. Alexander Zaitsev, a Russian scientist who has already beamed out four carefully composed signals to nearby stars, has been invited to attend.
While some warn of dangers in attracting hostile extraterrestrials, the chances of finding any life outside Earth seems more remote than ever.
"My main worry is that our technology is simply not up to the task. Earth came into existence four to five billion years ago, but the oldest stars are twice that age. They may have life, but that life may be far more advanced than we are," said astronomer Heather Couper.
Conway Morris suggests that there may simply be no alien civilizations out there, perhaps because planets with biospheres are very rare.
Weak electromagnetic signals have been transmitted from Earth for nearly 100 years in the form of radio, television and other transmissions. Some should have traveled 100 light years out into space. But as digital technology develops, Earth is becoming quieter.
U.S. astronomer Frank Drake, who has been seeking radio signals from alien civilizations for almost 50 years, said it is becoming less likely aliens will pick up Earthly transmissions. "The trouble is that we are making ourselves more and more difficult to be heard," said Dr Drake.
"We are broadcasting in much more efficient ways today and are making our signals fainter and fainter."
In the past radio and television transmissions were broadcast at thousands of watts. Satellites typically beam signals of less than 75 watts, and with localized digital broadcasting this may be even less.
"For good measure, in America we have switched from analogue to digital broadcasting and you are going to do the same in Britain very soon," Drake said, "When you do that, your transmissions will become four times fainter because digital uses less power. Very soon we will become undetectable."
This may be welcome news for those scientists fearful malevolent aliens might be attracted to the Earth if they learn of our presence.
found at English.Xinhuanet.com
23:44
Unknown
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